A new chip for decoding data transmissions demonstrates record-breaking energy efficiency

Online banks rely on encryption to protect data from being viewed and tampered with during transmission. While encryption keeps the data secure, it doesn’t protect against errors induced by noise. That’s where error-correcting codes (ECCs) come in. Have you ever used an online banking app to deposit money into your account? If you have, then you know how convenient and efficient it is. But what you may not know is the tremendous amount of effort that goes into making sure the data is secure and accurate during transmission. Without proper safeguards, your banking information could be corrupted by noise and you could potentially send the wrong amount of money to the wrong account. Fortunately, error-correcting codes (ECCs) are in place to keep this from happening. Error-Correcting Codes (ECCs) and How They Keep Your Bank Data Secure ECCs, also known as forward error correction (FEC), are mathematical formulas that help detect and correct errors that can occur during data transmission and storage. They work by adding extra bits (called parity bits) to the data that are generated using a specific algorithm. During transmission, the receiving device compares the checksum value generated from the parity bits with the data that it receives, and if there’s a discrepancy between the two, the data is dropped, preventing the erroneous information from being entered into the database. When you think about it, encrypted online banking transactions are actually vulnerable to noise-induced errors. That’s why ECCs are used in addition to encryption to protect data from being viewed and tampered with during transmission. As an example, let’s say you’re using an online banking app to send money from one account to another. Without ECCs, noise in the transmission line could induce an error causing you to send the wrong amount of money to the wrong account. But with ECCs in place, any discrepancy between the parity bits and the data will be detected and the erroneous information will be discarded, making sure the right amount of money goes to the right account. Data Storage and ECCs ECCs are not only used for transmission but also for error detection and correction in data storage. Since hard drives and other storage mediums are susceptible to errors due to noise, ECCs can help detect and correct any errors that occur. With ECCs in place, data can be read back accurately and reliably, even if it has become corrupted due to noise. Conclusion Error-correcting codes (ECCs) are mathematical formulas that help detect and correct errors in data transmission. Encryption is used to secure data from being viewed and tampered with during transmission, but it cannot protect against errors induced by noise. That’s why ECCs are used in addition to encryption to make sure that the data being transmitted is secure and accurate. ECCs are also used for error detection and correction in data storage. With ECCs in place, data can be reliably read back even if it has been corrupted due to noise. All of this goes to show that ECCs are essential for ensuring the accuracy and security of online banking transactions.

https://www.lifetechnology.com/blogs/life-technology-technology-news/a-new-chip-for-decoding-data-transmissions-demonstrates-record-breaking-energy-efficiency

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In rural America, right-to-repair laws are the leading edge of a pushback against growing corporate power

Introduction In the past two decades, tractors have become more sophisticated, but this has come with a cost for farmers. As the technology has advanced and the big tractor manufacturers have had less of a need to rely on independent repair shops, more and more farmers have found themselves waiting for company-authorized dealers to come and service their tractors. The time that it takes to get repairs has often been lengthy, and the costs have been high. This article will discuss the impact that these changes in the tractor repair industry have had on farmers and offer suggestions for making the process of getting repairs more efficient and cost-effective. Impact of Big Manufacturers on Tractor Repair Industry The advancement of technology in tractors has been beneficial to farmers in many ways. However, with bigger manufacturers producing sophisticated tractors, they have been able to reduce the need for independent repair shops. As a result, fewer repair shops are in operation and farmers have been forced to wait for company-authorized dealers to arrive and service their tractors, which can be a lengthy process and can incur high costs. The reliance on company-authorized dealers has made it more difficult for farmers to get their tractors repaired quickly and efficiently. In many cases, farmers have had to wait for days before their tractors can be serviced, leading to lost time and revenue. Furthermore, the prices for getting repairs done can be expensive, especially for older models, as new parts often have to be ordered from the manufacturer. Measures to Improve Efficiency of Tractor Repairs In order to make the process of getting tractors repaired more efficient and cost-effective for farmers, there are a number of measures that can be taken. One of the most effective ways of improving the situation is for manufacturers to work more closely with independent repair shops. This would ensure that farmers have access to a greater number of repair service providers, increasing the chances of getting their tractors serviced quickly and at a reasonable cost. In addition, manufacturers should work with repair shops to invest in new technology, such as advanced diagnostic tools, to improve the accuracy and speed of repairs. This would save farmers time and money, as repairs could be completed more quickly, and parts would not need to be ordered from the manufacturer. Conclusion The advancements in tractor technology over the past two decades have been beneficial to farmers in many ways. However, the reliance on company-authorized dealers for repairs has resulted in delays and high costs for farmers. In order to improve the situation and make the process of getting repairs more efficient and cost-effective, it is important that manufacturers and independent repair shops work more closely together. Investing in new technology such as advanced diagnostic tools would also help to improve the accuracy and speed of repairs, saving farmers time and money.

https://www.lifetechnology.com/blogs/life-technology-technology-news/in-rural-america-right-to-repair-laws-are-the-leading-edge-of-a-pushback-against-growing-corporate-power

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Meta has profited from more than 60 ads using homophobic slur 'groomer' since December

Facebook and Instagram’s parent company, Meta, has been profiting from an anti-LGBTQ slur since December. According to a report released by Media Matters for America, the social media giant has allowed more than 60 ads to feature the word “groomer” for a variety of companies, products and services. The ads have littered the website and app, exposing many LGBTQ users to potentially offensive content. The term “groomer” is commonly used to describe a person who pursues a relationship with a minor for sexual purposes. It has also been used to describe pedophiles, and many LGBTQ people believe it is used as a slur against them. Although Meta has been aware of the situation for months, it has not taken any steps to address the issue. Meta has come under fire in the past for its lack of transparency and its failure to address issues of discrimination, particularly those facing its LGBTQ users. There has been a call for the company to take steps to ensure that its platform is a safe space for LGBTQ people. Meta has issued a statement in response to the report, acknowledging that the use of the term “groomer” is offensive and unacceptable, and promising to take steps to address the issue. The statement also acknowledged that Meta has a responsibility to prevent discriminatory language on its platform. “We have zero tolerance for discrimination and are dedicated to building an inclusive and respectful community,” the statement read. It also promised to take “immediate action” to address the issue, including removing any ads featuring the offensive term and creating a more robust set of guidelines to ensure that ads adhere to the company’s anti-discrimination policies. The Meta statement is a step in the right direction for the company and its LGBTQ users, but there is still more work to be done. The company needs to be more transparent in its policies and take steps to ensure that ads featuring discriminatory language do not appear on its platform. In addition, the company must take steps to ensure that its LGBTQ users are safe and protected from potentially offensive content. Meta’s statement is a small step in the right direction in the fight against discrimination, but there is still a lot of work to be done. Media Matters for America has called on Meta to take more proactive steps to ensure that its platform is a safe and welcoming space for its LGBTQ users. Other companies should also be held accountable and take steps to ensure that discriminatory language is not tolerated in their advertising. Ultimately, companies must ensure that they are promoting an inclusive, respectful, and safe space for their LGBTQ users. Discrimination and bigotry against LGBTQ people is not something to be taken lightly, and it is the responsibility of companies to ensure that their platforms are safe and welcoming spaces for everyone. Meta may have taken the first step in addressing the issue of the use of the anti-LGBTQ slur “groomer” in its ads, but there is still a lot more work to be done. Companies must be held accountable and take steps to ensure that their ads, products and services are not promoting hate or discrimination. It is only with continuous education, awareness, and commitment that we can ensure that the LGBTQ community is safe and respected on social media platforms, and that they can reach their full potential online.

https://www.lifetechnology.com/blogs/life-technology-technology-news/meta-has-profited-from-more-than-60-ads-using-homophobic-slur-groomer-since-december

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Study: Carbon-neutral pavements are possible by 2050, but rapid policy and industry action are needed

The United States is home to almost 2.8 million lane-miles, or about 4.6 million lane-kilometers, of paved roads. This astonishing figure, which shows just how much of the country is serviced by dedicated roads, is a testament to the growth and progress of the nation since the first roads were built. Roads are a cornerstone of the US’s infrastructure, providing essential pathways for transport and commerce, as well as an infrastructure backbone for communication networks such as electricity, internet, and satellite. Roads allow for the easy access of goods, people and materials to different locations, which helps to improve economic productivity and regional development. The construction of paved roads began in the late 19th century, and gradually increased as the 20th century progressed. As automobiles and trucks became more prevalent, the need for better roads increased, and over time, the US developed a system of interconnected highways, multiple lane roads, and interstates. Today, the majority of new road construction is focused on the maintenance and repair of existing roads, as well as the construction of new interchanges, bridges, and tunnels. These are necessary to improve the flow of traffic, reduce congestion, and improve safety. There is also an effort towards sustainability, as there is an attempt to reduce the amount of asphalt used for road construction and expand the use of more sustainable materials such as gravel, plastic, and rubber. The US Department of Transportation (DOT) is the body responsible for the construction and maintenance of the country’s roads. In addition to regulating construction and safety standards, the DOT also provides grants for road construction and improvement projects. These funds are allocated towards expanding existing roads and highways, as well as constructing new ones. The DOT also sponsors educational programs, such as the America’s Road Program, which provides resources and guidance to communities, local governments and developers on how to build and maintain safe, efficient, and cost-effective roads. The Roads to Everywhere program, another DOT program, encourages innovation in the development of new road materials and technologies. In addition to the DOT, there are a number of private organizations involved in the construction and maintenance of US roads. Companies like Cemex, Colas, and HRI provide expertise and materials for a wide variety of road projects. The US has come a long way since its first roads were built in the late 19th century, and its network of more than 2.8 million lane-miles of paved roads is a testament to its progress. This construction and maintenance of roads is made possible by the US Department of Transportation and its various initiatives, as well as the expertise of private companies. As the nation continues to expand its roadways, new technologies and materials will help the US remain at the forefront of the industry.

https://www.lifetechnology.com/blogs/life-technology-technology-news/study-carbon-neutral-pavements-are-possible-by-2050-but-rapid-policy-and-industry-action-are-needed

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Worried about ChatGPT and artificial intelligence? How Qualcomm is trying to humanize tech

Qualcomm and Artificial Intelligence: How the Company is Betting Big on the Connected Intelligent Edge The world is rapidly becoming one that is full of technology and connected devices, and this is largely thanks to the development of artificial intelligence (AI). AI is a rapidly evolving field; it is used in a wide range of applications, from navigation systems to predictive analytics and autonomous vehicles. As such, it has been a major focus for many tech companies in recent years. One such company is Qualcomm, which has been investing heavily in AI over the past five or so years. Qualcomm is a US-based semiconductor and telecommunications equipment company that designs and produces chipsets and systems on chips (SoCs). It is best known for its Snapdragon mobile platforms and RF front-end solutions, which are used in a wide range of consumer electronic devices, such as smartphones and tablets. Over the past five or so years, Qualcomm has gone beyond developing chips for smartphones and has been focusing heavily on AI solutions. Qualcomm’s AI strategy centers on what the company calls the “connected intelligent edge.” This is essentially the idea of bringing AI to all kinds of things, from consumer electronics to industrial systems and city infrastructure, so they can share data and interact with each other. The company is leveraging its existing chipsets, software, and services to build AI-powered products and solutions for these markets. For example, Qualcomm is working on AI-powered routers for home networks, as well as AI-powered smart grids for cities. In the automotive industry, Qualcomm’s processors and SoCs are used in connected, autonomous vehicles. The company is also investing heavily in the development of AI-infused healthcare solutions, such as wearable health tracking devices and AI-powered diagnostic tools. Additionally, Qualcomm is working on AI-powered solutions for the enterprise, such as AI-powered retail systems and AI-powered marketing campaigns. In addition to its investments in AI, Qualcomm is also investing in the development of 5G networks, which will be integral in bringing the connected intelligent edge to life. 5G networks will provide the necessary connectivity and bandwidth that will be required for AI-powered products and solutions to reach their full potential. Qualcomm is at the forefront of 5G development and is working with a variety of partners, such as mobile carriers, device manufacturers, and software providers to bring these networks to life. Qualcomm’s investments in AI and 5G are part of an ongoing effort to position itself as a leader in the connected intelligent edge. The company is well aware of the potential for AI-powered products and solutions and is investing heavily to ensure that it is well-positioned to benefit from this potential. Qualcomm’s investments in AI, 5G, and the connected intelligent edge will be key in driving the company’s growth over the coming years. Qualcomm has bet big on bringing more artificial intelligence to smartphones, laptops, vehicles, smart infrastructure, and other devices in the field. By investing heavily in the connected intelligent edge, Qualcomm is positioning itself to benefit from the various opportunities that AI-powered products and solutions will bring. Qualcomm's investments in AI and 5G are part of this effort, as these technologies will be integral in powering the connected intelligent edge. As such, Qualcomm will be well-positioned to capitalize on this growing field as AI and 5G networks become more prevalent in the coming years.

https://www.lifetechnology.com/blogs/life-technology-technology-news/worried-about-chatgpt-and-artificial-intelligence-how-qualcomm-is-trying-to-humanize-tech

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Mechanisms underlying autoimmunity in Down syndrome revealed

Autoimmune Diseases in Down Syndrome Patients Explained by Scientists at Mount Sinai Millions of Americans suffer from autoimmune diseases every year. Things like celiac disease, type 1 diabetes, and multiple sclerosis can cause serious harm to individuals and lots of confusion for their doctors. Until now, scientists were unable to explain why certain individuals with Down syndrome were at an increased risk of experiencing these types of conditions. But, researchers from the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York have recently identified which parts of the immune system are responsible for this abnormality. The study, which was published in the February 22 online issue of Nature, reveals which mechanisms of the immune system go wrong and contribute to the autoimmune issue in Down syndrome patients. Information like this could be invaluable moving forward; not only to the Down syndrome community, but to all individuals suffering from autoimmune diseases. Down Syndrome & Autoimmune Issue Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21 in an individual’s cells. It is estimated that roughly 1 in 700 babies in the United States is born with Down syndrome every year. However, with advancements in medical science, individuals with Down Syndrome are now living longer and healthier lives. For some Down syndrome patients, though, their longer lifespan can bring about certain complications. Many are at an increased risk for autoimmune diseases, which can be incredibly debilitating. In these conditions, the body’s immune system attacks itself instead of foreign invaders or pathogens. The Identification of Culprits In their study, the team of researchers at Mount Sinai identified some key players in the development of autoimmune diseases in Down syndrome individuals. The scientists were able to determine that two specific functional markers- T-bet and Eomes- have an abnormally low level in individuals with Down syndrome when compared to their healthy counterparts. They found that when these markers are decreased, immune cells become more reactive and prone to attacking friendly cells instead of pathogens. Furthermore, they discovered that an imbalance of inflammation-associated cytokines- IL-21 and TGF-beta- in individuals with Down syndrome might further contribute to the autoimmune issue. The scientists also noted that there is some evidence of an altered activation of specific regulatory T cells in Down syndrome patients. It is proposed that these T cells are responsible for determining which cells the immune system will attack and which it will leave alone. The Big Picture The findings of this study could have far reaching implications for Down syndrome patients and those suffering from autoimmune conditions. Historically, it has been incredibly difficult to determine which mechanisms of the immune system are responsible for autoimmune diseases. Now, with this information, scientists can start to develop treatments that target only the relevant cells and pathways. Such treatments could be incredibly powerful. Not only will they potentially relieve the suffering of those affected by autoimmune diseases, but they could also help scientists further understand why these conditions arise in the first place. Overall, the discoveries made by the scientists at Mount Sinai will have a positive effect in the Down syndrome and autoimmune disease communities. It is now up to the medical community to develop treatments that are consistent with these findings and make a real difference to the lives of those who suffer from them.

https://www.lifetechnology.com/blogs/life-technology-medical-news/mechanisms-underlying-autoimmunity-in-down-syndrome-revealed

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Was Earth already heating up, or did global warming reverse a long-term cooling trend?

The Earth's temperature has been on a dramatic rise for the past century. The effects of this rapid increase in temperature can be felt almost all around the world, from diminished snow and ice cover, to heat waves and coastal flooding. The scientific community has traced the worldwide temperature increase to human activities, particularly the burning of fossil fuels, which has led to a buildup of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere. For the past one hundred years, thermometers and other sophisticated measuring devices have been used to monitor the Earth's climate and temperature. The results have been clear and consistent. According to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the global average surface temperature has risen by 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit (1 degree Celsius) over the past century. This warming has been observed in both land and ocean temperatures. The evidence of this global temperature rise is alarming, but unfortunately it is not surprising. Scientists have long known that the burning of fossil fuels was causing a buildup of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, trapping heat and rising temperatures around the world. This phenomenon is known as the “greenhouse effect.” The accumulation of these pollutants has been identified as the primary driver of the Earth’s temperature increase. It is important to note that the effects of global warming are not limited to temperature. Perhaps the most visible of global warming’s effects is the melting of snow and ice cover. As temperatures continue to rise due to greenhouse gases, snow and ice cover is diminishing in many areas worldwide. This has far-reaching impacts, from the disruption of Arctic ecosystems, to sea-level rises in coastal areas. Beyond the melting of snow and ice, global warming has been linked to an increase in the frequency of extreme weather events. Heat waves, droughts, floods, hurricanes, and other weather phenomena have all been linked to rising temperatures. Warmer air temperatures can lead to a greater number of extreme weather events, causing further disruption to ecosystems and communities around the world. The scientific community has now largely agreed that human activities – such as the burning of fossil fuels – are the primary driver of global warming. The Earth’s temperature has risen steadily over the past century and the evidence is difficult to dispute. Measuring devices such as thermometers and sensors around the world have confirmed this global temperature rise and the data is alarming. The most visible impact of global warming is the melting of snow and ice cover in many areas around the world. In addition to this, global warming has also been linked to an increase in the frequency of extreme weather events. Heat waves, droughts, floods, hurricanes, and other weather phenomena have all been linked to rising temperatures. The consequences of global warming reach far beyond the disruption of ecosystems and communities around the world. Scientists have warned of the potential for irreversible damage to the planet. Global warming is leading to sea-level rises and has been linked to the acidification of ocean waters, as well as an overall decrease in the world’s biodiversity. Humans must take steps to reduce their contribution to global warming. If we do not act now, the planet could suffer catastrophic and irreversible damage, resulting in a whole host of serious consequences. We must consider the future of the planet and move away from activities that produce greenhouse gases and other pollutants. Reducing our emissions is the only way to prevent further warming of the planet. It is clear that global warming is a serious issue and its impacts cannot be ignored. The Earth’s average temperature has risen by 1 degree Celsius (1.8 degrees Fahrenheit) over the past century, due to the burning of fossil fuels and the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. This rapid temperature increase is leading to the melting of snow and ice cover, sea-level rises, and an overall decrease in the world’s biodiversity. In addition, warmer temperatures have been linked to an increase in extreme weather events, such as heat waves and floods. It is now more important than ever that humans take action to reduce emissions and move away from activities that produce greenhouse gases and other pollutants. We must consider the future of the planet and take steps to reduce the impacts of global warming. If we are to avoid catastrophic and irreversible damage to the planet, we must act now.

https://www.lifetechnology.com/blogs/life-technology-science-news/was-earth-already-heating-up-or-did-global-warming-reverse-a-long-term-cooling-trend-1

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Lonely tunes: Humpback whales wail less as population grows

Humpback whales are some of the most impressive and majestic creatures of the sea, known for their haunting and melodic songs that can often be heard echoing throughout the depths of the ocean. However, what is not commonly known is that these songs may actually be a sign of loneliness experienced by the whales. Recent research has shown that these beautiful songs may be a primal instinctive response to a lack of companionship for the humpbacks. It is thought that when a whale does not have a suitable social group with which to swim and interact, they release a plaintive song into the watery depths in search of other whales and a sense of belonging. This hypothesis was initially put forward by researchers studying the behavior of several groups of humpbacks in the Pacific Ocean. Upon observation, it was noted that when an isolated whale was encountered, its song was much more plaintive and melancholic than the songs sung by whales who had companions. Over time, the scientists noted a correlation between the songs and the social dynamics of the humpbacks – those who were alone had the saddest and most plaintive songs, while those who were in the presence of social groups had happier and more lively songs. Although the activities of whales are still not fully understood, it is likely that the melancholic tunes sung by lone humpbacks can be seen as a sign of loneliness. For many of these remarkable creatures, the need for companionship is as strong as that of any social animal, and their songs may simply be a form of communication to help them in their search for companionship. In further support of this idea, recent studies of other whale species have produced similar results. For example, a study of blue whales in the Pacific revealed that the songs of the isolated whales were much sadder and more plaintive than their counterparts who were with their pods. This suggests that loneliness is not only an issue for humpbacks but for other whale species too. Although the research into the melancholy songs sung by whales is still in its early stages, the observations made by the scientists go some way to explaining the songs of the humpbacks. It is thought that the whales use their plaintive tunes as a way to connect with their own kind and to draw attention to their plight. Despite the melancholy nature of these tunes, it is also a reminder of the importance of companionship among the whale species. It demonstrates that, regardless of species, social connection is a key factor in the happiness of animals. These remarkable creatures should serve as a reminder to us all of the importance of connecting with others and the need for companionship.

https://www.lifetechnology.com/blogs/life-technology-science-news/lonely-tunes-humpback-whales-wail-less-as-population-grows-1

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Lonely tunes: Humpback whales wail less as population grows

Those melancholy tunes sung by humpback whales may really be a sign of loneliness.

https://www.lifetechnology.com/blogs/life-technology-science-news/lonely-tunes-humpback-whales-wail-less-as-population-grows

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Was Earth already heating up, or did global warming reverse a long-term cooling trend?

Over the past century, the Earth's average temperature has swiftly increased by about 1 degree Celsius (1.8 degrees Fahrenheit). The evidence is hard to dispute. It comes from thermometers and other sensors around the world.

https://www.lifetechnology.com/blogs/life-technology-science-news/was-earth-already-heating-up-or-did-global-warming-reverse-a-long-term-cooling-trend

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Governments target medical debt with COVID relief funds

Millions of Americans mired in medical debt face difficult financial decisions every day—pay the debt or pay for rent, utilities and groceries. Some may even skip necessary health care for fear of sinking deeper into debt.

https://www.lifetechnology.com/blogs/life-technology-science-news/governments-target-medical-debt-with-covid-relief-funds

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From glacier ice, a wealth of scientific data

Perched next to a river near a glacier's edge in Greenland, Penn biogeochemist Jon Hawkings and Jack Murphy, senior research coordinator in Hawkings' lab, scooped up samples of frigid meltwater, careful to seal the bottles quickly to minimize any chance of contamination. The two spent nearly a month in Greenland this past summer. The fieldwork, while scenic, isn't glamorous. "You're standing in front of a massive glacier submerging your hands in zero degrees Celsius water; it's freezing and windy and dusty," Murphy says. "We have to get creative to get clean samples."

https://www.lifetechnology.com/blogs/life-technology-science-news/from-glacier-ice-a-wealth-of-scientific-data

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Researchers identify new molecular mechanism key to planarian regeneration

Planaria are freshwater flatworms that have become a key model for studying regeneration and stem cells, as they can regenerate any part of the body, even the head. But how does the animal know what part of its body is missing and what kind of tissue it needs to regenerate?

https://www.lifetechnology.com/blogs/life-technology-science-news/researchers-identify-new-molecular-mechanism-key-to-planarian-regeneration

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Chinese astronomers discover an isolated dark dwarf galaxy

Using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST), Chinese astronomers have detected a new galaxy, which received designation FAST J0139+4328. The newfound galaxy is isolated, has a relatively low stellar mass, and is dominated by dark matter. The discovery was detailed in a paper published February 6 on the arXiv pre-print server.

https://www.lifetechnology.com/blogs/life-technology-science-news/chinese-astronomers-discover-an-isolated-dark-dwarf-galaxy

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New report exposes steep declines in data science skills among fourth- and eighth-graders across America

A new report from the Data Science 4 Everyone coalition reveals that data literacy skills among fourth and eighth-grade students have declined significantly over the last decade even as these skills have become increasingly essential in our modern, data-driven society.

https://www.lifetechnology.com/blogs/life-technology-science-news/new-report-exposes-steep-declines-in-data-science-skills-among-fourth-and-eighth-graders-across-america

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Antibody properties in plasma can predict COVID-19 severity

Alterations in the biochemical makeup of bulk plasma IgG, or Fc glycosylation, can predict COVID-19 disease severity and vaccine antibody response, according to a recent study by researchers at RUSH University and Northwestern. The results of the study were recently published in Cell Reports.
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